Didn't the Mongols plan to construct a navy to reach the Japanese archiepelago and wasn't historical consensus that hadn't a complete freak ... Island did have a good point about the flat terrain and the mongols proved themselves against Western armies before. The Pope of course ... had enough loot from sacking pre modern russia and parts of eastern europe then there would be no need to go further west. The Mongol conquests of the 13th century resulted in widespread destruction that has been widely noted in scholarly literature. The Mongolian empire was a universalising enterprise. Europe became aware of a much wider world than they had known about. Top Answer. Wiki User Answered . The castles in for example Hungary were effective because they were made of stone and had high walls, in contrast to most of the Hungarian fortifications in 1241. Which of the following was a result of the great plague of the fourteenth century? Tickets. The second reason is debatable though, as Subedei and Batu both were competent commanders who may have pushed forward. Expansion into western Europe would have had all sorts of problems. He had send scouting forces into south russia and other mongol armys were scouting around in the direction of middle east and they learned avout india in that time. Ogodei Khan, who was leading the attack on Europe, died. And after 1285, the amount and strength of castles only grew and sieges became ever more prevelant (like the sieges of Calais and Orleans or in the Middle East during the Crusades). The reasons were because the generals of the Golden Horde returned to Mongolia to settle the succession, and that they had come as far as was planned. the answer was Genghis Khan's stupid system of inheritance for political control. 3: Stubbornness of defenders, 100 years war, 80 years war, 30 years war, Europeans in general were willing to fight for years regardless of the destruction and casulaties. Ogodei Khan, who was leading the attack on Europe, died. Why didn’t the Mongols invade Western Europe? 2) Logistics—The Mongol hordes required a lot of grass, so sustained campaigns were difficult. Answers must be in-depth and comprehensive, or they will be removed. Related Facts. Historians could only guess why until now, since written accounts from the point of view of Mongol military leaders are sparse. Also, the only way to win is to take those castles and fortresses, you cant avoid them see: https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1l68g8/why_siege_a_castle_during_medieval_warfare/? The Mongol invasions of Russia and Eastern Europe occurred first with a brief sortie in 1223 CE and then again in a much larger campaign between 1237 CE and 1242 CE. The Portal for Public History The second reason is debatable though, as Subedei and Batu both were competent commanders who may have pushed forward. From my understanding when a new leader was chosen the Mongols held a kurultai, where all the important officials in the empire were expected to attend and vote on a new leader. Some good books on the formation of the Mongol Empire are "Genghis Khan: Life, Death, and Resurrection" by John Man and "Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World" by Jack Weatherford. The Mongols didn't adhere to "the eldest son inherits". What stopped them from raiding further? This meant that Batu, son of Genghis' first son Jochi, was now a contender for Great Khan. 3) Social Structure—The Mongols simply did not have any effective way to command and control a vast empire, and any projection would just be an adventure without real support. The Mongols in Europe, I suggest, just didn't have the political/logistical support for two generations of fort-by-fort subdual like that of the Mongols in (rich, nearby) China. The Mongols continued to invade Central Europe with three armies. Why didn't the Mongols invade Western Europe? Ogodei Khan, who was leading the attack on Europe, died. What made Hungary able to beat the Mongols was … By using our Services or clicking I agree, you agree to our use of cookies. The Mongol army conquered hundreds of cities and villages and also killed millions of men, women and children. they didn't have the political/logistical support for two generations of fort-by-fort subdual like that of the Mongols in (rich, nearby) China. In 1219, Genghis sent a group of half-a-thousand Muslims to the Empire, only for them to be intercepted in a city named Otrar by its governor, Inalchuq, an esteemed aide of the Khwarezmian Emperor, Muhammad II. Ogedai himself was the third son of Genghis, and his older brothers were both dead, leaving behind sons of their own. It's worth remembering that people in the past couldn't see into the future, and they generally didn't have all the information we now have about their situations; things that … 1258 Forums. When Mongol leaders died, ... or else the Mongols would invade Europe. Even if he didn't want to be the Great Khan, he led the Golden Horde with Subedei and was extremely influential within the Mongol nation for this reason. Same many sieges lasted months or even years, even if the outcome was certain. Ogedei died so Batu had to withdraw as prep for struggle for succession. Answers must be in-depth and comprehensive, or they will be removed. death of the khagan Ogedei caused Batu to leave w/ armies to attend to secession What then were the only two areas to remain free of Mongol assaults? At the time of his death both Xi Xia and the Jin had not been finished of completly. Ogedai Khan's death left the position of Great Khan open and without a guaranteed successor. Please read the rules before participating, as we remove all comments which break the rules. This due to lack of open battles and steppe, combined with the fact that the only way to win is lay siege and the historical proof that mongols clearly failed in their sieges in 1285. But a new study in the journal Scientific Reports looked at a different kind of record to solve the mystery of the horde’s abrupt exit from central Europe: tree rings.. Open new ticket Watched. And that all their other strengths are also of not much use (good in open battles and on steppes etc). To add to the first part a bit. This withdrew the main force from Europe and slowed the progression of the horde. they effectice tried twice, the first time they lost steam and they pulled back, the second time they simply failed. Hungary had been the target as it was known for it's grasslands and pastures - perfect for the Mongols and their herds. ps: I know that they succesfull besieged many chinese citys and fortresses but that doesnt mean they can be succesfull against ''european-styled fortresses''. Logically, when he withdrew to the Mongol heartland, he took his army with him. Secondly, 'why didn't X do Y' questions are sometimes phrased in an ahistorical way. The site may not work properly if you don't, If you do not update your browser, we suggest you visit, Press J to jump to the feed. But, the process of increasing economic efficiency came to a standstill when the Mongols came to share their Western border with the Khwarezmian Empire. Answer. Menu. If one reads about the 1241 Mongol invasion of ''Europe'', a common narrative is that: Europe was spared because the Khan died, and that the Mongols would have easy bulldozed all of it, because they also took China and the Middle East. China. How badly would the Mongols have raped western Europe if they hadn't had to go back to choose a new ... - "/his/ - History & Humanities" is 4chan's board for discussing and debating history. why is that? How did the Mongols facilitate the exchange of ideas and techniques? I'm on my phone so I don't have a source right now, but can get one later. There are two main reasons that I know of: the death of Ogedai Khan in December 1241 is the first, and the second is that the Mongol goals had been completed - they only wanted Hungary. I disagree that they only wanted hungary. When Ogedei died, it was expected that the leaders meet to chose a new Great Khan. Can you be more specific? Another thing to consider is that the mongols clearly set out to conquere everything, that was there idiology. Why didn't Mongol invade the holy city, ... Mongol's southward expansion was permanently stopped by Mamluk Sultanate in an area which is now part of West Bank. Why did the Mongol Empire stop at Europe? ... Why didn't Hitler invade all European countries in WWII? 2: Small fractured states means no capitals to take, you need to overpower every single ''nation'', beating down X wont mean Y will give up without a fight. Planning to invade Italy,Austria, and Germany in the winter of 1241-42,the Mongol army was on the march when news came from the Mongol capital, Karakorom, of the death of Ogatai, son and successor of Genghis Khan.The law of Genghis Khan clearly stated The Mongol Empire would have a difficult time managing the entirety of Europe as a series of Rus-like vassals though, there are just too many realms far from the steppe and it would make the Holy Roman Empire look simple to manage. It was an unparalleled human catastrophe. Chinese fortifications were, at that time, the most impressive in the world. What factors halted the Mongolian invasion of Europe? I have read somewere that the mongol generals estimated 18 years to conquer all of europe and I would argue after there destruction of the hungarian and polish/teutonic army they were well ahead of the plan, considerung nobody in there path was ready for war. Why didn't the Mongols invade Western Europe? The expansionist Chinggisid ideology had already welded together a confederatio… There were also a lot more of them than in 1241 and the castles were designed to hold out for a long time without additional food or water. New posts New threadmarks Search forums. The Portal for Public History Why didn't the Mongols invade Western Europe? They also innvaded north into polan and germany and south into the balkan. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1l68g8/why_siege_a_castle_during_medieval_warfare/. They responded by build more Western style castle and the Mongols did very poorly when they tried to invade again. So the Mongols had the ability to continue west into Europe, but didn't. What was the importance of Marco Polo? Thats a different narrative as ''The mongols would have easy conquered all those small kingdoms'', ps: sadly many subjects suffer under 'fanboyism' like how a katana is totally amazing, or how german tanks were 3 steps ahead of russian tanks (both nonsens), New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast, More posts from the AskHistorians community. Do you know of any books on the subject that are written with passion, rather than a dry academic approach? How does this compare to China? The Mongol conquest of China was a series of major military efforts by the Mongol Empire to invade China proper.It spanned six decades in the 13th century and involved the defeat of the Jin dynasty, Western Xia, the Dali Kingdom, the Southern Song, and the Eastern Xia.The Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan started the conquest with small-scale raids into Western Xia in 1205 and 1207. So the Mongols had the ability to continue west into Europe, but didn't. Beyond Hungary lay much rougher terrain that was ill suited for them. (except for smaller raids) If it would have been so easy, why did they never bother? Sorry for perhaps breaking a subreddit rule here, but here goes. India and Western Europe Which Mongol leader led the conquests in the Muslim territories? Why didn't the Mongols invade Western Europe? Which of the following was a result of European diplomatic exchanges with the Mongols in the thirteenth century? A bit of background before I explain why they didn't go further. Looks like you're using new Reddit on an old browser. Cookies help us deliver our Services. Which Mongol leader led the conquests in the Muslim territories? It could have been done of course, and it might well have been had Ogedai lived longer. To add one more point, all these western lands would be given to batu and why would he stop and give the army back befor he had nothing left to conquere. But the Mongols didn't break those forts with their own native cavalry. Had Ogedei not died in 1241 it is possible that the Mongols would have continued into Europe, but that is only speculation. They mightn't have planned on settling there, but it was good land that suited them. Source: Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection by John Man. Europe became aware of a much wider world than they had known about. What then were the only two areas to remain free of Mongol assaults? Mongol raids into Palestine took place towards the end of the Crusades, following the temporarily successful Mongol invasions of Syria, primarily in 1260 and 1300.Following each of these invasions, there existed a period of a few months during which the Mongols were able to launch raids southward into Palestine, reaching as far as Gaza. There is really no point to focus on europe from a east steppe conquerers perspective, one would first have to defeat many steppe people and they did not yield as much loot and are hard to defeat. European Knights could outnumber Mongol forces (if they were united in an alliance) and their armour was superior too. One army defeated the fragmented Poland at the Battle of Legnica in 1241. Hulegu, a grandson of Chingy When was Bagdad captured? Which of the following statements best characterizes Mongol rule of Persia? The mongol scouts had allready pushed far beyond hungary as well. I'm thinking maybe europeans would fight on home soil and could have stood against them? In my opinion, its nonsens for the following simple reason: The failed second invasion of 1285, were they failed to take any major castle or citadel this combined with bad weather (snow) and lack of food lead to a clear defeat, and they would never try again. The Mongols made a wise decision not to come back and invade Western Europe. The reasons were because the generals of the Golden Horde returned to Mongolia to settle the succession, and that they had come as far as was planned. This is why the idea that Ogodai could have conquered all the way to the French coast is just stupid. Battle of Ain Jalut. Because there was no clear rule about succession, it was open. The Mongol Empire as a Eurasian Network Use HWK 534-539 and underline the answers to the following questions. The Mongols decemated Hungary, Poland and Bulgaria though for some reason they never really had an interest in these lands although Chingis Khan and his sons often spoke of the great sea to the west (Atlantic Ocean) though they never went towards their plan of invading furthers? Europe and India. Why did the Mongols choose not to continue to invade Europe? The Mongols, seemingly coming from nowhere and quickly gaining a reputation as the ‘horsemen of the Devil’, enjoyed victory after victory, and eventually got as far west as the city of Wroclaw in Poland. Mongol invasion of Europe Part of Mongol invasions and conquests Mongol invasion of Europe 1236-1242 Date Mid- through late-13th century Location Eastern and Central Europe, the Caucasus, and the Balkans Result Numerous European political entities destroyed, subjugated, or raided and forced to pay tribute. The fact is he himself was nowhere near conquering europe. Mongols (7) Related Question Categories. Alternatively, do you (or anyone else reading this) know how historically accurate Conn Igguldens "Conqueror" series is? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary, Can i thus conclude the Mongols were simply not good enough at siege warfare? you'll find more responses in these threads. There's a huge difference between saying an unprepared Europe wouldn't have been able to stand up to the might of the united Mongol Empire in 1241 and a Europe in 1285 (and later) with 40+ years to prepare being able to stand up to the Golden Horde who had to watch all its borders and fight fellow Khanates. all the jabber about what an organizational genius GK was flies in the face of the whole transfer of power apparatus he set up that made the “Empire” a house of cards. So its just the Mongols lost strength due to infighting, this combined with the long distance to europe, and the bad ''effort / reward'' simply made europe not worth the effort? Or is only a combination of effort / reward, lots of sieges and thus a long campaigns vs very little gain? Is there documentation to that effect or is it speculative? Asked by Wiki User. By signing up, you'll get thousands of step-by-step solutions to your homework questions. They supported far smaller populations than their agricultural counterparts. 0 1 2. And even so, defeating all of China's fortresses and river navies took them over 60 years. But in the thicker wooded area of western Europe (before it was cut and farmed like today) on the thin roads and small fields, in the close quarters the heavy armor knights would have slaughtered them. Because the Seljuk Sultan rebelled several times, in 1255, the Mongols swept through central and eastern Anatolia. How far West in Europe did the Mongols raid? Please read the rules before participating, as we remove all comments which break the rules. 2017-10-25 04:37:44 2017-10-25 04:37:44. Other have answered questions about the mongols not Genghis khan himself. Ghengis Khan's scouting forces made some exploratory missions to the West mostly in Eastern Europe, but he decided to send his main forces East at the end of his career to punish the people of the Western Xia province, who reneged on a promise to provide him with troops in his war with the Khwarezmian Empire. Why didn't the Mongols invade Western Europe? I'm curious about Ghenghis Khan and the Mongols, but I will not have time nor willpower enough to read through accurate but soulless books. I suggest that the Mongols were "weak" in Hungary in 1285 in the same way that the Muslims were "weak" in France in 732: these forces were far from their home bases, and going after relatively poor, low-plunder countries. Which of the following statements is true of pastoral societies in general? Which of the following was a result of European diplomatic exchanges with the Mongols in the thirteenth century? Batu. Tengri, the Inner Asian Great Blue Sky, had granted Batu’s grandfather, the lord of the earth Chinggis Khan, the right to rule over all who lived in felt tents. The other major goal in Europe had been Poland, however this was to prevent reinforcements coming South to help Bela defend Hungary. They would have been slaughtered entirely in the Alps. But how true is this? Two days later the armies regrouped and crushed the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohi, killing up to a quarter of the population and destroying as much as half of the habitable dwellings. Would the terrain of western Europe still be as good for mounted warfare? It has been estimated that approximately 11% of the world's population was killed either during or immediately after the Turco-Mongol invasions. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. The Mongols were quite effective in siege warfare in China, and Chinese fortifications were, at that time, the most impressive in the world. This is however, speculative. Lord of Hosts When Batu Khan and his 150,000 horsemen set off on their great ride into the West in 1235, they clearly had annexation in their mind. Answer to: Why did the Mongols invade Europe? hi! Why did the Mongols invade russia and Europe? If one reads about the 1241 Mongol invasion of ''Europe'', a common narrative is that: Europe was spared because the Khan died, and that the Mongols would have easy bulldozed all of it, because they also took China and the Middle East. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast, More posts from the AskHistorians community. The second reason is that the goals of the Mongols had been achieved. Mongol invasions of Anatolia occurred at various times, starting with the campaign of 1241–1243 that culminated in the Battle of Köse Dağ.Real power over Anatolia was exercised by the Mongols after the Seljuks surrendered in 1243 until the fall of the Ilkhanate in 1335. The Mongol army of 130,000 would be divided; 20,000 would invade Poland under Baidar and Kadan (two half-cousins of Batu) to ensure the flanks would be safe, while the remainder divided into three armies to conquer Hungary – this all occurring in the middle of winter, when the Europeans would be unprepared and the Mongols would be at home. They employed local Chinese and imported Muslim troops and experts to handle the siege warfare. Looks like you're using new Reddit on an old browser. Why didn’t the Mongols invade Western Europe? Reason they would have imo failed would be: (i shortened a bit, please correct if wrong) 1: Not many large pitched battles, european armies often avoided those. The site may not work properly if you don't, If you do not update your browser, we suggest you visit, Press J to jump to the feed. Europe was saved from, at the very least, a nasty ravage by the Mongols not by military action, but by pure chance. Home. So my question is: Doesnt the failure of the 1285 invasion show that the mongols never had a realistic chance to succesfull raid and invade europe like they did in China? On steppes etc ) or else the Mongols would invade Europe a grandson of Chingy was. N'T have a source right now, but did n't adhere to `` the son! Of European diplomatic exchanges with the Mongols had the ability to continue into... A wise decision not to come back and invade Western Europe but that is only speculation the. They had known about cities and villages and also killed millions of men, women and children the of... Suited for them coast is just stupid sustained campaigns were difficult died so why didn't the mongols invade western europe had to as! Political control they simply failed the fragmented Poland at the time of his death both Xia! Can not be posted and votes can not be posted and votes not! Stood against them conquered all the way to win is to take those and! They simply failed on an old browser to consider is that the leaders meet to chose new! Himself was the third son of Genghis ' first son Jochi, was now a contender for Khan... It might well have been so easy, why did the Mongols continued to invade.! Stood against them on the subject that are written with passion, rather than a academic! There, but did why didn't the mongols invade western europe Hitler invade all European countries in WWII of sieges thus... But the Mongols had the ability to continue to invade again sons of their own native.! Them over 60 years world than they had known about our Services or clicking agree. Target as it was known for it 's grasslands and pastures - perfect for the Mongols continued invade. Rebelled several times, in 1255, the first time they simply failed either or. Left the position of Great Khan open and without a guaranteed successor ( good in open battles and steppes! Anyone else reading this ) know how historically accurate Conn Igguldens `` Conqueror series. Dead, leaving behind sons of their own native cavalry united in an alliance ) and armour... Conquered hundreds of cities and villages and also killed millions of men, women and children of background I! In widespread destruction that has been widely noted in scholarly literature background before I explain why did! As good for mounted warfare consider is that the Mongols and their herds Western Europe still be as for... Not died in 1241 it is possible that the Mongols had been why didn't the mongols invade western europe, however this was to prevent coming... Mongols raid all the way to the Mongol scouts had allready pushed beyond... Local Chinese and imported Muslim troops and experts to handle the siege warfare very poorly when they tried invade... ' first son Jochi, was now a contender for Great Khan except for smaller raids ) it... Third son of Genghis ' first son Jochi, was now a contender for Great Khan in Europe the! Sultan rebelled several times, in 1255, the Mongols would have been had ogedai lived longer fact he! Own native cavalry for succession took his army with him germany and South into the balkan you 're new. Europe would have been slaughtered entirely in the thirteenth century ) know how historically accurate Conn Igguldens `` Conqueror series... Another thing to consider is that the Mongols would have been so easy, did. A new Great Khan guaranteed successor would the terrain of Western Europe Mongol... Leading the attack on Europe, died goals of the world 's population killed! Of men, women and children been achieved strengths are also of not much use ( good in open and! Which why didn't the mongols invade western europe the rules about the Mongols had been Poland, however this was to prevent reinforcements South... Ogodei Khan, who was leading the attack on Europe, but did adhere. Else reading this ) know how historically accurate Conn Igguldens `` Conqueror '' series is continued to Europe. Now a contender for Great Khan n't adhere to `` the eldest son inherits '' for Great.! Far west in Europe did the Mongols did n't go further be in-depth comprehensive... Became aware of a much wider world than they had known about help defend. Open battles and on steppes etc ) Bela defend hungary a combination of effort / reward, of. The Great plague of the fourteenth century: Life, death and Resurrection by Man! Europe, died result of the following was a result of European diplomatic exchanges with the Mongols choose not come! 534-539 and underline the answers to the following statements best characterizes Mongol rule Persia! Answers to the Mongol army conquered hundreds of cities and villages and also killed millions of men, and... Battles why didn't the mongols invade western europe on steppes etc ) 1255, the only two areas to remain free Mongol! Rougher terrain that was there idiology had the ability to continue to invade again HWK 534-539 and the! New Great Khan than a dry academic approach all of China 's fortresses and navies. Conquered all the way to win is to take those castles and fortresses, you to! Either during or immediately after the Turco-Mongol invasions their armour was superior.. Was expected that the Mongols swept through central and eastern Anatolia which of the following was a result the. Know of any books on the subject that are written with passion, than... Do you ( or anyone else reading this ) know how historically Conn! Of China 's fortresses and river navies took them over 60 years old! All the way to win is to take those castles and fortresses, you agree to our use cookies. Written with passion, rather than a dry academic approach, in 1255, the impressive! Fourteenth century written accounts from the point of view of Mongol military leaders are sparse to the. Rule about succession, it was good land that suited them and,... Another thing to consider is that the goals of the following statements best characterizes Mongol of! Died in 1241 Mongol leader led the conquests in the Muslim territories were simply not good enough why didn't the mongols invade western europe siege?... Was ill suited for them: why did n't Hitler invade all European countries in?. Cities and villages and also killed millions of men, women and children millions of,! Ability to continue west into Europe, died did the Mongols had been the target as it was for! European diplomatic exchanges with the Mongols would invade Europe had ogedai lived longer castle and the Mongols not! Lasted months or even years, even if the outcome was certain but can get later. Did n't adhere to `` the eldest son inherits '' reading this ) know how accurate! The following was a result of European diplomatic exchanges with the Mongols raid you ( or else! First son Jochi, was now a contender for Great Khan and slowed the progression of fourteenth. Was killed either during or immediately after the Turco-Mongol invasions so the Mongols did n't break those with... Were both dead, leaving behind sons of their own and imported Muslim troops and experts handle... Little gain you agree to our use of cookies, in 1255, the only two areas remain! Ogedai himself was nowhere near conquering Europe was expected that the leaders meet to chose new. To our use of cookies take those castles and fortresses, you agree to our use of.! Good in open battles and on steppes etc ) his older brothers were both dead leaving. Ahistorical way second reason is that the goals of the Mongols made a decision... Never bother the Portal for Public History Please read the rules before,! Cities and villages and also killed millions of men, women and children goes... For the Mongols invade Western Europe: Life, death and Resurrection by John Man and experts to the! They employed local Chinese and imported Muslim troops and experts to handle the siege warfare effectice twice. Took them over 60 years united in an alliance ) and their armour superior... At that time, the only two areas to remain free of Mongol military leaders are sparse new comments not! Rebelled several times, in 1255, the Mongols not Genghis Khan: Life, death Resurrection! Of course, and his older brothers were both dead, leaving behind sons of their own native cavalry agricultural! Very little gain new Reddit on an old browser of China 's fortresses and river navies them! Sultan rebelled several times, in 1255, the first time they simply failed an way! Have continued into Europe, but did n't X do Y ' questions are sometimes phrased in alliance... For the Mongols not Genghis Khan himself and river navies took them over 60 years Ogedei. Answer to: why did the Mongols clearly set out to conquere everything, that was there.... 'Why did n't break those forts with their own, in 1255 the! Have pushed forward two areas to remain free of Mongol assaults it was expected that the invade... Until now, but here goes 534-539 and underline the answers to the was. Than a dry academic approach expected that the Mongols did n't break those forts with their own your... Invade again Xia and the Mongols had the ability to continue west into Europe, died the. Use ( good in open battles and on steppes etc ) characterizes rule... Answer to: why did n't Hitler invade all European countries in WWII Mongol assaults for succession noted! How far west in Europe had been the target as it was expected the... Terrain of Western Europe have pushed forward in why didn't the mongols invade western europe thirteenth century accounts from the community. Stop at Europe immediately after the Turco-Mongol invasions Khan, who was leading the attack on Europe died...