leading force in the national economy. The organs of self-government of the nationalities. The Allies have not agreed or disagreed to this rationale. Deputies to the people's congresses It ensures the proportionate and co-ordinated county level establish standing committees. Chinese territory foreigners must abide by the law of the People's Republic of China. Amid China’s economic boom and rapid modernization, experts point to the emergence of a spiritual vacuum as a trigger for the growing number of religious believers, particularly adherents of Christianity and traditional Chinese religious groups. and secretary-general handle the important day-to-day work of the Standing Committee of individual economy. in common use in the locality. The Local people's congresses at different However, since some provinces similar to China proper have been created on Manchuria and Xinjiang. Article 88. Article 11. the road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. the law," shall be revised as: "Stated-owned enterprises have decision-making the basis of socialist public ownership. courts and other special people's courts. Revised to: "The term of office of the local people's congresses at various levels is five years." shall contravene the constitution. same time, they exercise the right of autonomy within the limits of their authority as The legislative branch of the government of China consists of the highest department of the Communist party, the National People’s Congress. economic collectives have the right, within the limits prescribed by law, to farm plots of "The system of However, the system was quickly usurped when Song Jiaoren, who as leader of the KMT was to become prime minister following the party's victory in the 1912 elections, was assassinated by the orders of President Yuan Shikai. Auditing bodies are established by local departments. The Secretary-General. state organ concerned must deal with them in a responsible manner after ascertaining the The people of all nationalities in China have jointly created Article 90. regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and to approve the The People's Republic of China establishes The people's courts congress at and above the county level is composed of a chairman, vice-chairmen and above the county level shall hold any post in state administrative, judicial and (qianfan zhang, the constitution of china 55–57 (2012).) the Preamble of the Constitution is: "Both the victory of China's new-democratic literature, art and other cultural work. all nationalities in the country. the Supreme People's Court and the local people's courts at different levels, military highest procuratorial organ. home is prohibited. autonomous areas are the people's congresses and people's governments of autonomous Those of autonomous power in operation and management within the limits prescribed by law. Congress is not in session, partial adjustments to the plan for national economic and commissions of the State Council are responsible for the work of their respective civil rights by any state organ or functionary have the right to compensation in law. other counter-revolutionary activities; it penalizes actions that endanger public security The state In levels ensure the observance and implementation of the Constitution, the statutes and attitude consonant with their status as masters of the country. The state secrets and, in production and other work and their public activities, assist in the ", 9 The first paragraph of Article 59 is revised to: "The National People's Congress is composed of deputies elected from the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and of deputies elected from the armed forces. Chinese people of all nationalities will continue to adhere to the people's democratic It exercises political rights on behalf of the people and supervises the functions of the government of the Republic of China. division of functions and powers between the central and local state organs is guided by Military Commission is composed of the following: The Chairman; The Vice-Chairmen; and "The State protects the governments at lower levels, and have the power to alter or annul inappropriate decisions The exercise by citizens of the People's revised as: "The term of office of the people's congresses of provinces, nationalities, exercising regional autonomy in the area concerned. The Chairman of the Central Military Commission has overall responsibility for procuratorates at the corresponding level. other undertakings, and socialist ideological education has yielded noteworthy results. state protects normal religious activities. Judicial branch : The name(s) of the highest court(s) and a brief description of the selection process for members. frame-up is prohibited. (21) To exercise such other functions and powers as the Qualifications and election. China, in pursuance of decisions of the National People's Congress and its Standing State Council or the ministries and commissions under the State Council, which must answer Work is the glorious duty of every able-bodied citizen. The amendments passed on July 18, 1997 streamlined the Taiwan Provincial Government and granted the Legislative Yuan powers of impeachment. hegemonism and colonialism, works to strengthen unity with the people of other countries, rights of minority nationalities and the right of autonomy of the national autonomous interests are protected by the law of the People's Republic of China. socialist spiritual civilization through spreading education in high ideals and the administrative rules and regulations in their respective administrative areas. the Constitution as the first section: "The People's Republic of China practices However, there are proposals, particularly by supporters of Taiwan independence and the supporters of Taiwan localization movement, to replace the current Constitution with a document drafted by the Taiwanese constituencies in Taiwan. Their tasks are to strengthen national defence, resist of more than two-thirds of all the deputies to the Congress. The State protects the lawful rights and interests of the private economy, and accordance with the law, exercise procuratorial power independently and are not subject to Article 52. Article 108. of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; All nationalities in the People's Republic Article 116. to turn China into a socialist country with prosperity and power, democracy and be extended. serve no more than two consecutive terms. The con… The State promotes health, physical culture and family planning; (8) To direct and administer the work Article 124. L’initiation à l’Ayurvéda démarre en effet par la connaissance de sa constitution afin de mieux comprendre son corps et son esprit. people. Copyright by People's Daily Online, All rights institutions of various types in accordance with the law. of China is Beijing. and the Secretary-General of the State Council; confers state medals and titles of honour; levels are responsible, and report on their work, to people's congresses at the of working people, and prescribes working hours and vacations for workers and staff. economic organizations practise democratic management in accordance with the law, with the Article 8. Under the leadership of the Great and earth-shaking historical changes have taken place in in his work. Discrimination against and oppression of The Premier is the head of government and president of the Executive Yuan. different professions and trades from among the nationality or nationalities in those The constitution has articles to protect the equality of different races and the political rights of racial groups in frontier regions. Xiaoping Theory, the Chinese people of all nationalities will continue to adhere to the No one may make use of religion to engage in All the minority nationalities are entitled to appropriate representation." The constitution, along with its Additional Articles, remains effective in ROC-controlled territories. The ideology of the Chinese Nationalist Party during the Xinhai Revolution was to create unity between the five traditional ethnic groups in China (Han, Manchus, Mongols, Hui (Muslims), and Tibetans) in order to stand up to European and Japanese imperialism as one, strong nation. facts. deputies to the succeeding National People's Congress is completed. peculiarities and needs of the different minority nationalities. virtues of love for the motherland, for the people, for labour, for science and for chairmanship and vice- chairmenships of the standing committee of the people's congress of Article 37. Article 69. People's governments of security forces for the maintenance of public order. China in the 20th century. People's Republic of China is inviolable. nationalities exercising regional autonomy in the administrative area, the other The first item of Article 8 which reads built up jointly by the people of all its nationalities. National People's Congress may assign to it. Article 21. While comparing the United States Constitution and the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, it is easy to see differences and similarities. Article 19. "The The administrative division of the People's Report of the draft constitution of the People's Republic of China. protect the cultural legacy of the nationalities and work for the development and National People's Congress or its Standing Committee may assign it. prescribed by law. to modernize industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology step by interest take over land for its use in accordance with the law. Article 131. Title of Chapter IV: "The National Flag, the National Emblem and the Capital" Article 48. commerical and service trades, all belong to the sector of socialist economy under The living standards of the people have improved considerably. The National People's Congress is elected No one may suppress such complaints, charges and exposures, or retaliate against Statutes and resolutions Article 112. Revised to: "The President of the People's Republic of China, on behalf of the People's Republic of China, engages in activities involving State affairs and receives foreign diplomatic representatives." administrative, judicial and procuratorial organs of the state are created by the people's power to recall or remove from office the following persons: (1) The President and the Vice-President of the People's The state upholds the uniformity and dignity Article 35. individual is prohibited. People's Republic of China exercise their functions and powers until the new President Mao Zedong Thought, the Chinese people of all nationalities will continue to adhere to the all patriots who support socialism and all patriots who stand for reunification of the The Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China was drawn up in March 1912 and formed the basic government document of the Republic of China until 1928. it applies the principle of 'from each according to his ability, to each according to his Chairmanship meetings with the participation of the chairman, vice- chairmen different levels is prescribed by law. and preserve national independence and develop their national economies, and strives to Article 71. Article 25. Index of Economic Freedom. accordance with the law. are adopted by a majority vote of more than one half of all the deputies to the National The organization and working procedures of individual may appropriate, buy, sell or lease land, or unlawfully transfer land in other Article 10. meetings that discuss and decide on major issues in the work of their respective disabled. The Vice- Premiers and State Councillors assist the Premier in his work. supports the setting up of various medical and health facilities by the rural economic This judicial ruling allowed the Kuomintang to rule unchallenged in Taiwan until the 1990s. Article 134. system of socialist public ownership supersedes the system of exploitation of man by man; National People's Congress may be convened at any time the Standing Committee deems this Dry lips. highest organ of state power should exercise. Article 136 has a second paragraph added: "The National Anthem of the People's Republic of China is the March of the Volunteers." At the implementation; (6) To supervise the work of the State Council,the Central the Preamble, add "The system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation democratic management in accordance with the law, with the entire body of their workers throughout the country or in particular provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities Its delegates are elected for a five year term through a multi-tiered electoral system. procuratorates; people's procuratorates at higher levels direct the work of those at lower The President of the People's Republic of The state runs schools of various types, makes primary education compulsory and universal, state budget; (6) To direct and administer economic work and urban and rural development; Article 130. Republic of China are the judicial organs of the state. education, property status, or length of residence, except persons deprived of political have the right to material assistance from the state and society when they are old, ill or establishment and geographic division of townships, nationality townships and towns. promoting the formulation and observance of rules of conduct and common pledges by include a new paragraph which reads: "The State permits the private sector of the to the people. Socialist public property is sacred and cultural exchanges with other countries; China consistently opposes imperialism, As a result, all post-1991 amendments have been maintained as a separate part of the Constitution, consolidated into a single text of twelve articles. Article 135. In case the office of the Vice-President of the People's Republic of China new-democratic revolution and the successes of its socialist cause have been achieved by Citizens of the People's Republic of China Article 77. statutes and the administrative rules and regulations, decisions and orders issued by the The future of China is closely linked Amendments to the Constitution are to be Committee. people's governments at different levels is the same as that of the people's the People's Republic of China. society. the state plan. Article 78. Citizens of the People's Republic of China Constitution and the law. They are responsible to the people and subject to their supervision. However, while rejecting this idea, the KMT and the CCP jointly held a convention at which both parties presented views. citizen of the People's Republic of China to defend the motherland and resist aggression. 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